25 Apr 25. Featured Paper

Blood biomarkers of vascular dysfunction in small vessel disease progression: Insights from a longitudinal neuroimaging study

Link to paper on Alzheimer's & Dementia 
Authors

Jaime Garcia D, Clancy U, Arteaga C, Valdés-Hernandez MC, Chappell FM, Jochems ACC, Cheng Y, Zhang J, Thrippleton MJ, Stringer MS, Sleight E, Backhouse EV, Wiseman S, Brown R, Doubal FN, Montagne A, Wardlaw JM; MSS3 Study Group

Abstract
INTRODUCTION

This study explored the relationship between blood biomarkers of cerebrovascular function and small vessel disease (SVD) neuroimaging markers and cognitive outcomes in highly-phenotyped participants.

METHODS

We conducted cross-sectional and 1-year longitudinal analyses on 181 patients with mild ischemic stroke, enriched for SVD features. We examined relationships between a panel of 13 blood biomarkers and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of SVD (structural lesions, diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI]-positive lesions, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), and cognition.

RESULTS

In linear mixed models, vascular endothelial growth factor was significantly associated with incident DWI-positive lesions over 1 year. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was linked with lower CVR while platelet-derived growth factor-subunit B and Endothelin-1 were associated with higher CVR. Platelet-Selectin levels were associated with mild cognitive impairment at 1 year.

DISCUSSION

Our results support the role of endothelial and pericyte dysfunction in SVD burden and progression and suggest that specific biomarkers relate to distinct SVD manifestations.

Highlights
  • Small vessel disease (SVD) lacks specific or predictive biomarker signatures.
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor levels were linked to incident lesions detected over 1 year.
  • Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 related to lower cerebrovascular reactivity.
  • Platelet-selectin levels were associated with mild cognitive impairment longitudinally.
  • These findings could help stratify patients at high-risk of rapid-progression SVD.

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